Opposites

Two-and-a-half is the most unpredictable preschool age. She will shift from one extreme to the other without warning. This is not because she purposely wants to confuse you or irritate you or defy you. The reason for this changeability lies in a giant step she is taking in decision making.

She is discovering opposites and alternate choices. She understands yes and no, run and stop, take and give, come and go, etc. But now she cannot sort out the relative merits of these opposites for any particular situation. She is not yet capable of thinking of only one to the exclusion of the other.

She doesn’t have enough experience to make a choice and stick to it. Since she still learns mostly by doing, she needs to try out both alternatives. Sometimes she will try do to both things at the same time, other times she’ll start one thing and quit half way to do the other. She is almost compelled to try both in order to decide which is right.

This same struggle with opposites is mirrored in her body. She does not have good control of opposing muscles. She will grasp something too tightly and then release suddenly. She will use good small muscle control, then make jerky large muscle movements or the other way round. Because of this, knocking down her carefully-built tower of blocks is just as much fun for her as building it.

This difficulty with holding and releasing is part of her difficulty in toilet training. She cannot easily relax her bladder muscle, so she holds it too long. She pays so much attention to her play that she doesn’t recognize her mounting bladder pressure until it is too late. Even if she had been successful for a while in potty training, she may take a step backwards for a while.

She is having to learn to let go and relax in order to sleep. She may be demanding a long and involved bedtime routine in order to go to sleep. Even when you finally get her into bed, she may talk to herself for a long time before falling asleep. She uses self-talk to calm herself.

These problems of opposites is more pronounced with very active children than with the more placid. But most two-and-a-half year olds swing between some extremes. She may go from frenzied running around to lying down in a quiet corner. She may be overly outgoing with strangers and then suddenly shy. She may demand a certain food, only to reject it when it is ready. These extremes are not mood swings, but only her attempt to try out both extremes to find what she wants at that moment.

The approach most likely to work is not discipline. If you try to force one thing over another, you will likely cause a temper tantrum. Managing the choices and helping her “want” what you desire, has the best chance of success. Your goal should not be compliance with your desires, but a relatively peaceful passage through this stage of development. A good sense of humor, creative alternatives, and a huge dose of patience will help you through.

Music

Two-and-a-half year olds love music. She will have a preference for music with a strong, definite beat. What she likes, she really likes and wants to play over and over and over again. You can introduce classical music as a background to quiet play or for falling asleep. But the stronger the beat and more repetitious the words, the better she will like it most of the time.

You can teach her to play rhythm instruments like tambourines, maracas, and drums. If she is particularly musical, she may love a kazoo or xylophone. Most two-and-a-half year olds love to dance and march and clap to music.

Music has much to teach our little ones. Most children’s songs teach vocabulary because the words are repeated over and over again. The association between new words and their meanings are strengthened by repetition. The pauses between words help in understanding the meaning of the phrases. The story told through the songs teaches sequences. Children learn what comes first, next, and last and also the numbers in order. Another great benefit of music is teaching our children self control. They must pay careful attention to the words in the song in order to do the actions called for. She must listen, remember, and then translate it into the correct actions.

When you have heard the same album for the hundredth time, congratulate yourself on having helped your child learn so much from her music.

Crafts

Homemade Clay

Modeling clay is usually too stiff for young crafters. Playdough is a good alternative. Here is a cheap and no-cook recipe to make edible playdough. In a large bowl, mix 2 cups of flour and 1/2 cup of salt. Gradually stir in 1 teaspoon of oil and 3/4 cups of water. Add the last of the water very slowly so the mixture doesn’t get too wet. Knead it until it is about the consistency of bread dough. Talk while you and your child play with the clay. Describe what she is doing and how the clay feels and looks.

After use, store it in an air-tight container in the refrigerator. Your youngster should be expected to help clean up after play. She can roll the clay into a ball and put it into its container. She can use a wet sponge to help wipe the table top.

Finger painting

Finger painting can have a calming effect on your child. Here is an easy recipe for homemade finger paint. Thoroughly dissolve 1 tablespoon of cornstarch in 1/2 cup of cold water in a saucepan. While cooking over medium heat, stir constantly until the mixture comes to a boil and begins to thicken. Lower the heat and continue stirring about two minutes until the mixture is very thick and smooth. Let it cool slightly. Color the paint by stirring in powdered or liquid tempera color or food coloring. One color at a time is enough for a two-and-a-half year old.

Moisten the tray or oil cloth or shiny shelf paper with a sponge. The surface must be wet before using the paint. Place a tablespoon of the paint at a time for your child to spread around with her hands.

Be sure to talk about what she is doing. Use as many descriptive words as possible for her to associate with what she is doing. As with the clay, she can help with the clean up. Just a wet sponge and paper towel are necessary to clean the work space. Left-over paint can be stored in the refrigerator too.

Concentration Game

As your child matures, she learns to concentrate for longer periods of time. She must learn how to focus her attention on one task and ignore everything around her for a while. She also must learn to finish one task before beginning another.

You are naturally beginning to expect her to pay attention better than you did at the beginning of this year. You expect her to eat without spending so much time looking at everything else in the room. Bath time is probably more work and less play that it used to be. She likes toys that challenge her to pay closer attention to detail.

Here’s a game to help her grow in her ability to focus her attention. Begin with three differently shaped toys placed under a blanket. Now show her a fourth toy that is just like one under the blanket. Tell her, “There is a toy just like this under the blanket. Put your hands under the blanket. Without looking can you find the toy just like this one?” Encourage her to feel one toy at a time until she finds the right one. Be sure to applaud her success.

If she used her eyes, she would find the toy immediately. But by only using touch, she has to concentrate harder, picture the toys she is touching, and choose the correct match. Start very easy so that she can experience success quickly.

Variations include putting only one object under the blanket and asking her to tell you what it is only by touching it. Another is to use a toy she doesn’t know the name of under the blanket. Show her three toys and ask her to point to the one that matches what she feels.

Only play this game once or twice each session. It is better to stop while she still wants more. She will ask you to play it again sometime soon instead of you trying to get her to play it later.

Hand-eye co-ordination and sequences

Toys that provide practice in small muscle development and hand-eye co-ordination can also begin teaching sequences. Toys like magnetic boards, peg boards with large pegs, matching games and puzzles are good choices. Baby toys she liked continue to be favorites during this stage of development, like blocks, cups, rings, and shape sorters. She is using them in different ways and learning new skills with them now.

Self-esteem

Self-esteem builds a foundation for approaching life’s challenges. When your child has a sense of belonging, believes she is capable, and knows she has something worthwhile to contribute, she will be able to face challenges that come her way.

Here are some strategies for building your child’s self-esteem:

• Give unconditional love. It is important to let your child know you love her no matter what she does. You love her no matter what her abilities or her temperament are. Hug and kiss her often. Tell her how much you love her. When you correct her, tell her what she did was wrong, not that she is bad.
• Give undivided attention. When she knows you give her your undivided attention, she knows she is important and valuable to you. When she wants to talk to you, turn off the TV or put your paper down, make eye contact, and listen. Listen now so that when she is older she’ll listen to you.
• Be consistent. Have a few rules and enforce them consistently. Having certain limits makes her feel secure. Enforcing rules consistently teaches her you expect her to obey.
• Offer two choices, either of which are acceptable. She will gain confidence in her ability to choose, when she sees she has made a good decision.
• Encourage independence. Let your child explore new foods, new friends, new activities. Manage the risks to keep her safe, but allow her to fail. Resist the urge to “rescue” her. When there is some risk of failure, success is even sweeter!
• Mistakes are OK. She learns as much, and sometimes more, from a mistake than from perfection. Letting her know it is OK to make mistakes, teaches her that mistakes aren’t final, she can recover from a mistake.
• Make success easy. Put toys and books within her reach. Having a step stool nearby makes doing things for herself possible. The more she can do independently, the better her self-esteem.
• Praise her often. She will want to repeat successes when she is praised for them. Be specific when you praise her so that she knows exactly what she did right. The effect of praise is multiplied when you tell Dad, in the presence of your child, what a good job his daughter did today. Then Dad does the praising.

Preparing for Preschool

In each of the next First Steps bulletin, we will discuss steps you can take now to prepare your child for preschool. These will help your child get the most out of her preschool experience.

1. Plan lots of social activities for your child. Learning to share, following directions, taking turns, and playing cooperatively are necessary skills best learned early in play dates, tot gym, and toddler classes. Children with too little social experience have a hard time fitting into preschool.

Prayer

Heavenly Father, please forgive me for the times when I get impatient and angry with my child. Give me the wisdom I need to avoid confrontations. In Jesus’ name, Amen.